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Integrating Oral and General Health Through Health Literacy Practices: Proceedings of a Workshop - Bog af National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri - P

Integrating Oral and General Health Through Health Literacy Practices: Proceedings of a Workshop - Bog af National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri - P

\Oral health care and medical health care both seek to maintain and enhance human health and well-being. Yet, dentistry and primary care in the United States are largely separated and isolated from each other. Each has its own siloed systems for education, service delivery, financing, and policy oversight. The result has been duplication of effort, a cultural gap between the two professions, and lost opportunities for productive collaboration and better health. On December 6, 2018, in Washington,..

DKK 627.95
2

A National Strategy for the Elimination of Hepatitis B and C - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

A National Strategy for the Elimination of Hepatitis B and C - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Hepatitis B and C cause most cases of hepatitis in the United States and the world. The two diseases account for about a million deaths a year and 78 percent of world's hepatocellular carcinoma and more than half of all fatal cirrhosis. In 2013 viral hepatitis, of which hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common types, surpassed HIV and AIDS to become the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. The world now has the tools to prevent hepatitis B and cure hepatitis C. Perfect vaccination could eradicate HBV, but it would take two generations at least. In the meantime, there is no cure for the millions of people already infected. Conversely, there is no vaccine for HCV, but new direct-acting antivirals can cure 95 percent of chronic infections, though these drugs are unlikely to reach all chronically-infected people anytime soon. This report, the second of two, builds off the conclusions of the first report and outlines a strategy for hepatitis reduction over time and specific actions to achieve them. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Targets for Elimination3 Public Health Information4 Essential Interventions5 Service Delivery6 Financing Elimination7 ResearchAppendix A: Population Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Chronic Hepatitis B Diagnosis, Care, and Treatment in the United StatesAppendix B: Modeling the Elimination of Hepatitis C in the United StatesAppendix C: Public Meeting AgendaAppendix D: Committee Biographies

DKK 455.00
1

Eliminating the Public Health Problem of Hepatitis B and C in the United States - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

Eliminating the Public Health Problem of Hepatitis B and C in the United States - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

Hepatitis B and C cause most cases of hepatitis in the United States and the world. The two diseases account for about a million deaths a year and 78 percent of world's hepatocellular carcinoma and more than half of all fatal cirrhosis. In 2013 viral hepatitis, of which hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common types, surpassed HIV and AIDS to become the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. The world now has the tools to prevent hepatitis B and cure hepatitis C. Perfect vaccination could eradicate HBV, but it would take two generations at least. In the meantime, there is no cure for the millions of people already infected. Conversely, there is no vaccine for HCV, but new direct-acting antivirals can cure 95 percent of chronic infections, though these drugs are unlikely to reach all chronically-infected people anytime soon. This report, the first of two, examines the feasibility of hepatitis B and C elimination in the United States and identifies critical success factors. The phase two report will outline a strategy for meeting the elimination goals discussed in this report. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The Elimination of Hepatitis B3 The Elimination of Hepatitis C4 ConclusionAppendix A: Committee Meeting 1 AgendaAppendix B: Committee Meeting 2 AgendaAppendix C: Committee BiographiesAppendix D: Glossary

DKK 396.00
1

Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Draft IRIS Assessment of Tetrachloroethylene - Board On Environmental Studies And Toxicology - Bog -

Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Draft IRIS Assessment of Tetrachloroethylene - Board On Environmental Studies And Toxicology - Bog -

Tetrachloroethylene is a volatile, chlorinated organic hydrocarbon that is widely used as a solvent in the dry-cleaning and textile-processing industries and as an agent for degreasing metal parts. It is an environmental contaminant that has been detected in the air, groundwater, surface waters, and soil. In June 2008, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency released its draft Toxicological Review of Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) (CAS No. 127-18-4) in Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). The draft IRIS assessment provides quantitative estimates of cancer and noncancer effects of exposure to tetrachloreothylene, which will be used to establish airquality and water-quality standards to protect public health and to set cleanup standards for hazardous waste sites. At the request of EPA, the National Research Council conducted an independent scientific review of the draft IRIS assessment of tetrachloroethylene from toxicologic, epidemiologic, and human clinical perspectives. The resulting book evaluates the adequacy of the EPA assessment, the data and methods used for deriving the noncancer values for inhalation and oral exposures and the oral and inhalation cancer unit risks posed by tetrachloroethylene; evaluates whether the key studies underlying the draft IRIS assessment are of requisite quality, reliability, and relevance to support the derivation of the reference values and cancer risks; evaluates whether the uncertainties in EPA's risk assessment were adequately described and, where possible, quantified; and identifies research that could reduce the uncertainty in the current understanding of human health effects associated with tetrachloroethylene exposure. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Overview of the Toxicokinetics of Tetrachloroethylene3 Neurotoxicity4 Reproductive and Developmental Effects5 Genotoxicity6 Hepatic Toxicity and Cancer7 Renal Toxicity and Cancer8 Hematopoietic Effects9 General Review of Epidemiologic Evidence Pertaining to Cancer10 Reference Values for Tetrachloroethylene11 Cancer Risk Estimates for Tetrachloroethylene12 Moving Beyond the Current State of PracticeReferencesAppendix A: Biographic Information on the Committee on TetrachloroethyleneAppendix B: Dissenting Statement and Rebuttal

DKK 420.00
1

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research - Institute For Laboratory Animal Research - Bog - National

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research - Institute For Laboratory Animal Research - Bog - National

Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random-Source Dogs and Cats in Research examines the value of random-source animals in biomedical research and the role of Class B dealers who acquire and resell live dogs and cats to research institutions. Findings include that, while some random-source dogs and cats may be necessary and desirable for National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded research, there is no clear need to obtain those animals from Class B dealers. Several options for random-source animal acquisition already exist and additional options are recommended, which would further ensure the welfare of these animals and foster a positive public image for NIH. While the scientific community has recognized and responded to concerns for humane treatment of animals in research, government oversight has thus far been unable to fully enforce the Animal Welfare Act in regard to Class B dealers of live animals. Although the animals acquired by Class B dealers are destined for research—and NIH research in particular—the standard of care while in the possession of some Class B dealers requires an inordinate amount of government enforcement and is not commensurate with the policies of most NIH-funded research laboratories. This dichotomy of standards reflects poorly on public perceptions of NIH and jeopardizes animal welfare. This book will be crucial for NIH and other groups using random-source animals in research, including veterinary schools and research facilities. Animal welfare advocates, policy makers, and concerned pet owners will also find this a vital and informative work for reconciling the needs of research with the welfare of animals. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Use of Dogs and Cats in Research: Public Perception and Evolution of Laws and Guidelines3 Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats for Research4 Class B Dealers and Animals5 Conclusions and RecommendationsAppendix: Committee Biographies

DKK 485.00
1

Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products - Committee On Scientific Standards For Studies On Modified Risk Tobacco Products -

Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products - Committee On Scientific Standards For Studies On Modified Risk Tobacco Products -

Smoking-related diseases kill more Americans than alcohol, illegal drugs, murder and suicide combined. The passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 gave the FDA authority to regulate "modified risk tobacco products" (MRTPs), tobacco products that are either designed or advertised to reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related disease. MRTPs must submit to the FDA scientific evidence to demonstrate the product has the potential to reduce tobacco related harms as compared to conventional tobacco products. The IOM identifies minimum standards for scientific studies that an applicant would need to complete to obtain an order to market the product from the FDA. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Governance and Conduct of Studies3 Evidence Base and Methods for Studying Health Effects4 Methods for Investigating Addictive Potential5 Methods for Studying Risk Perception and Risk Communication6 Decision Making and Oversight of MRTP Studies: Findings and RecommendationsAppendix A: Section 911 of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009Appendix B: Chapters 1 and 2 from *Evaluation of Biomarkers andSurrogate Endpoints in Chronic Disease*[Appendix B] 1 Introduction[Appendix B] 2 Review: Evaluating and Regulating Biomarker UseAppendix C: Committee BiographiesAppendix D: Meeting Agendas

DKK 403.00
1

Sexually Transmitted Infections - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Sexually Transmitted Infections - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

One in five people in the United States had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) on any given day in 2018, totaling nearly 68 million estimated infections. STIs are often asymptomatic (especially in women) and are therefore often undiagnosed and unreported. Untreated STIs can have severe health consequences, including chronic pelvic pain, infertility, miscarriage or newborn death, and increased risk of HIV infection, genital and oral cancers, neurological and rheumatological effects. In light of this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, through the National Association of County and City Health Officials, commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to examine the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provide recommendations for action. In 1997, the Institute of Medicine released a report, The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Although significant scientific advances have been made since that time, many of the problems and barriers described in that report persist today; STIs remain an underfunded and comparatively neglected field of public health practice and research. The committee reviewed the current state of STIs in the United States, and the resulting report, Sexually Transmitted Infections: Advancing a Sexual Health Paradigm, provides advice on future public health programs, policy, and research. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Addressing STI Epidemics: Integrating Sexual Health, Intersectionality, and Social Determinants2 Patterns and Drivers of STIs in the United States3 Priority Populations4 STI Economics, Public-Sector Financing, and Program Policy5 Intersection of HIV and STIs6 Role of Technology and New Media in Preventing and Controlling STIs7 Biomedical Tools for STI Prevention and Management8 Psychosocial and Behavioral Interventions9 Structural Interventions10 Paying for and Structuring STI Services11 Supporting and Expanding the Future STI Workforce12 Preparing for the Future of the STI ResponseAppendix A: Characteristics of Major STIs in the United StatesAppendix B: STI Screening and Treatment Guidelines Issued by Health Professional SocietiesAppendix C: Measuring the Impact of Worrying About STIs on Quality of LifeAppendix D: Public Meeting AgendasAppendix E: Committee Member and Staff Biographies

DKK 630.00
1

Strategic Planning for the Florida Citrus Industry - Committee On The Strategic Planning For The Florida Citrus Industry: Addressing Citrus Greening

Strategic Planning for the Florida Citrus Industry - Committee On The Strategic Planning For The Florida Citrus Industry: Addressing Citrus Greening

Citrus greening, a disease that reduces yield, compromises the flavor, color, and size of citrus fruit and eventually kills the citrus tree, is now present in all 34 Floridian citrus-producing counties. Caused by an insect-spread bacterial infection, the disease reduced citrus production in 2008 by several percent and continues to spread, threatening the existence of Florida's $9.3 billion citrus industry. A successful citrus greening response will focus on earlier detection of diseased trees, so that these sources of new infections can be removed more quickly, and on new methods to control the insects that carry the bacteria. In the longerterm, technologies such as genomics could be used to develop new citrus strains that are resistant to both the bacteria and the insect. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Challenges to Citrus Production3 Citrus Greening Research and Development and Industry Preparedness4 Recommendations on Organizational Changes, Technology Development, and Systems Approaches for Minimizing the Impacts of Huanglongbing and Other Diseases and Pests in Florida Citrus5 Strategies for Implementing Plans for Mitigation of Huanglongbing and Other Problems in Citrus ProductionGlossaryReferencesAppendixesAppendix A: Committee Statement of TaskAppendix B: Committee BiographiesAppendix C: Liaison Committee on Strategic Planning for the Florida Citrus Industry: Addressing Citrus Greening DiseaseAppendix D: Oral Presentations and Written Statements Submitted to the CommitteeAppendix E: Significant Citrus Diseases Other Than HuanglongbingAppendix F: Significant Citrus Insect and Mite PestsAppendix G: Missions of University, Government, and Non-government Agencies with Responsibilities Related to Citrus Production and MarketingAppendix H: Citrus Bacterial Canker: Outbreaks and Regulatory ResponseAppendix I: Detection of Asian Citrus Psyllid and Huanglongbing in Florida and Major Events and Activities That Occurred in Response to Their Detection (June 1998–August 2009)Appendix J: Funded Projects on Citrus Greening (2008–2010)Appendix K: Huanglongbing Research Milestones (1956–2009)Appendix L: Witches' Broom Disease Outbreak in Brazil and Control Attempts: Success and Failure in Bahia, Brazil (1989–2009)Appendix M: Vector-borne Maize Pathogens: Lessons Learned

DKK 489.00
1

Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax - Board On Health Sciences Policy - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax - Board On Health Sciences Policy - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

If terrorists released Bacillus anthracis over a large city, hundreds of thousands of people could be at risk of the deadly disease anthrax-caused by the B. anthracis spores-unless they had rapid access to antibiotic medical countermeasures (MCM). Although plans for rapidly delivering MCM to a large number of people following an anthrax attack have been greatly enhanced during the last decade, many public health authorities and policy experts fear that the nation's current systems and plans are insufficient to respond to the most challenging scenarios, such as a very large-scale anthrax attack. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response commissioned the Institute of Medicine to examine the potential uses, benefits, and disadvantages of strategies for repositioning antibiotics. This involves storing antibiotics close to or in the possession of the people who would need rapid access to them should an attack occur. Prepositioning Antibiotics for Anthrax reviews the scientific evidence on the time window in which antibiotics successfully prevent anthrax and the implications for decision making about prepositioning, describes potential prepositioning strategies, and develops a framework to assist state, local, and tribal public health authorities in determining whether prepositioning strategies would be beneficial for their communities. However, based on an analysis of the likely health benefits, health risks, and relative costs of the different prepositioning strategies, the book also develops findings and recommendations to provide jurisdictions with some practical insights as to the circumstances in which different prepositioning strategies may be beneficial. Finally, the book identifies federal- and national-level actions that would facilitate the evaluation and development of prepositioning strategies. Recognizing that communities across the nation have differing needs and capabilities, the findings presented in this report are intended to assist public health officials in considering the benefits, costs, and trade-offs involved in developing alternative prepositioning strategies appropriate to their particular communities. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Antibiotics for Anthrax Postexposure Prophylaxis3 Current Dispensing Strategies for Medical Countermeasures for Anthrax4 Prepositioning Strategies5 A Decision-Aiding Framework6 Recommended Actions for Moving ForwardAppendix A: AcronymsAppendix B: Public Meeting AgendasAppendix C: First-Order ModelAppendix D: Commissioned Paper: A Cost and Speed Analysis of Strategies for Prepositioning Antibiotics for AnthraxAppendix E: Committee BiosketchesIndex

DKK 396.00
3

Antibiotic Resistance - Board On Global Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Antibiotic Resistance - Board On Global Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Years of using, misusing, and overusing antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant 'superbugs.' The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats held a public workshop April 6-7 to discuss the nature and sources of drug-resistant pathogens, the implications for global health, and the strategies to lessen the current and future impact of these superbugs. Table of ContentsFront MatterWorkshop OverviewAppendix A: Contributed ManuscriptsAppendix B: AgendaAppendix C: AcronymsAppendix D: GlossaryAppendix E: Forum Member BiographiesAppendix F: Speaker Biographies

DKK 578.00
1

Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates - Bog af National Research Council - Paperback

Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates - Bog af National Research Council - Paperback

The field of occupational health and safety constantly changes, especially as it pertains to biomedical research. New infectious hazards are of particular importance at nonhuman-primate facilities. For example, the discovery that B virus can be transmitted via a splash on a mucous membrane raises new concerns that must be addressed, as does the discovery of the Reston strain of Ebola virus in import quarantine facilities in the U.S. The risk of such infectious hazards is best managed through a flexible..

DKK 597.95
2