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Lanthanide-Doped Lead Borate Glasses for Optical Applications - Joanna Pisarska - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Lanthanide-Doped Lead Borate Glasses for Optical Applications - Joanna Pisarska - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The short-range-order structure of lead borate glasses is rather complex and depends on the relative ratios of boron to lead atoms in chemical composition. Different structural groups like penta- and diborates containing three and four coordinated boron, ring- and chain-type metaborate units containing non-bridging oxygens, and boroxol ring can be found in lead borate glasses. Borate glasses with PbO and/or PbX2 content doped with Ln3+ have been investigated using spectroscopic methods in relation to practical applications as solid-state laser active media, NIR tuneable lasers, NIR-to-visible up-conversion systems and broadband optical amplifiers. This new book presents aspects concerning the excited state relaxation of Ln3+ ions in lead borate glasses and glass-ceramics are discussed, as well as optical properties of lanthanide-doped lead borate glasses.

DKK 534.00
1

Borate-Tellurate Glasses - Monica Culea - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Borate-Tellurate Glasses - Monica Culea - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Immobilisation of high level toxic wastes by vitrification is a well established process that has been studied extensively over last 40 years. A suitable glass host is used to dissolve the high level nuclear waste to form a glassy (vitreous) homogeneous product that can be cast into suitable forms, including large glass blocks. The main advantages of the vitrification route include the fact glass is a good solvent for waste, glasses can be processed at reasonably low temperatures, glass is very tolerant of variations in waste composition, glass exhibits reasonable chemical durability, glass is radiation resistant and can accommodate changes occurring during decay of high level nuclear waste constituents. This book analyses the immobilisation of high level toxic wastes through the use of an appropriate glass host.

DKK 633.00
1

Bioencapsulation in Silica-Based Nanoporous Sol-Gel Glasses - Farid Menaa - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Bioencapsulation in Silica-Based Nanoporous Sol-Gel Glasses - Farid Menaa - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

In this book, the authors report the recent results on the influence of different parameters (such as surface hydration, hydrophobicity, solute effects, thermal stability, porosity, macromolecular crowding) on the protein conformation based on the design and the characterisation of nanoporous silica-based materials containing different functional groups (e.g., hydrophobic alkyl, phosphate and fluorinated groups). The enhancement of the protein folding owing the physical properties and microstructure of the host matrix induced by the nature of the functional groups and the siloxane network play a major role on the protein biological activity and therefore to the development efficient bionanodevices such as biocatalysts, sensors, drug delivery systems or implanted devices. This book enlightens the bioapplications of silica-based glasses prepared from functionalised organosilane precursors used to mimic and to understand the different factors that influencing the protein folding process.

DKK 633.00
1

Physical Aging of Glasses - Jacques Rault - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Physical Aging of Glasses - Jacques Rault - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Metallic, organic and mineral glasses evolve similarly with the time and approach an equilibrium state. This physical aging, a basic feature of the glassy state, is very important for a practical point of view. The ageing time and the conditions of glass preparation are important parameters, as temperature, stress and strain levels, which affect the mechanical properties at short and long times. The kinetics of physical aging, volume, enthalpy and mechanical properties (modulus, yield stress, creep, stress relaxation), are explained in the framework of the modified Vogel-Fulcher-Tamann (VFT) law giving the relaxation time. The model is based on the dependence of the co-operativity index (Kohlrausch exponent) n of the co-operative motions (alpha motions in polymers) on the volume. Below the glass temperature the relaxation time is function of T and of the volume. In the glass state the relaxation time depend on the time of measurement and on the ageing time. The relaxation equations are given and solved numerically in various experimental conditions a) isothermal and non isothermal ageing at constant pressure, b) varying pressure at constant temperature. The so called Tg transitions observed by dilatomery and calorimetry are predicted by the VFT relaxation equations and compared to the Deborah glass temperatures. The non exponential and non linear relaxations of the volume of glassy polymers, found by Struik, Kovacs, etc.., depend on the viscoelastic parameters of the liquid (C1 and C2) and on the expansion coefficients of the liquid and solid phases, there is no adjustable parameter. The calculated solutions of the relaxation equations are compared to the KWW functions (stretched and compressed exponentials), the stabilisation domain of glasses is defined and compared to the experimental results. The glass formers materials present the well-known volume, enthalpy and creep memory effects (Struik), the amplitude and the memory time of these effects are given as function of the thermal history of the glass. The evolution of the mechanical properties of glassy polymers are dependent on the ageing time and on the stress and strain level, the individual beta motions (and then the co-operative motions) been activated by the shear component of the stress tensor. The similar non linear evolution of volume and creep is thoroughly analysed in this model, the modified VFT law explains the dependences of the yield stress, creep compliance and stress relaxation modulus with ageing time, temperature and stress or strain rate. The mechanical properties can be described also by the ansatz KWW function; the relaxation time and the Kohlrausch exponent deduced from that function is found to vary inversely with the different parameters this is a direct consequence of the modified VFT law. It is shown that the long term creep behaviour can be predicted by the model.

DKK 1029.00
1

Photoionization of Polyvalent Ions - Doris Ehrt - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Photoionization of Polyvalent Ions - Doris Ehrt - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The effect of polyvalent dopants on photoinduced defect formation was studied in different glasses. Ionisation of the glass matrix results in intrinsic defects, positively charged hole and negatively charged electron centres. Polyvalent dopants can be photooxidised or photoreduced. These extrinsic defects might replace selectively one or several intrinsic defects and/or cause an increase in the number of opposite charged defects. Photoionisation can also result in unusual dopant valences otherwise not observed in glasses. The systematic comparison of different dopants and glass systems irradiated by excimer lasers helps to understand defect generation processes and might eventually help in the design of UV-resistant or UV-sensitive glasses. Defect formation occurs in the ppm range and was analysed by optical and EPR spectroscopy. A series of polyvalent dopants such as typical trace impurities, glass or melt additives and typical dopants used for optical components like filter glasses, optical sensors, fluorophores or photochromes, were studied. Distinct melting conditions give rise to different valences of various dopants and as a consequence different photoinduced redox-reactions might be observed after irradiation. Some dopants are photooxidised while others are photoreduced Some defects recombine easily or transform into more stable defects while others are stable for months or years.

DKK 494.00
1

Across the Divide - Peter William Harvey - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Across the Divide - Peter William Harvey - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Early Australian pioneers were blocked from advancing into the interior of the continent by the Great Dividing Range that runs along the east coast of the country. In their endeavours to expand the colonies westward and to open Australia economically, these early developers eventually found routes across the Great Dividing Range and into the interior. With this expansion, the larger and more productive Australia was born, for better or worse. Today, Australians face a divide of a different kind, but one that, nonetheless, requires crossing if we are to secure our national wellbeing into the future. The emerging division between rural and metropolitan Australia, along with the social, cultural and health inequities between the two groups has been the focus of government and social programmes in Australia for generations, yet the condition persists and is today exacerbated by the inexorable movement of Australian populations to larger regional centres and to our major coastal cities. For many years health researchers and health service providers have embraced the idea that scientific research into the social, economic, physical and psychological aspects of health problems in the community is the tried and true way to progress policy and initiate action for improvement of our healthcare system. The age-old grail is to demonstrate scientific facts and implement policy on that basis. If this process is maintained, all will be well. The wellspring of this current work is its embodiment of a city/country dichotomy in the life of the author. The strongest message about healing the divide between the two cultures (if indeed this might even be possible) comes not via scientific investigation directly, but via the existential and phenomenological experience first and foremost and is informed by the scientific motif after the fact. The divide, which is the focus of this work, has emerged in the interplay between an essentially nineteenth century European based rural ideology of frontier freedom, self-reliance, rugged determination and independence and an emerging Asia-centred urban ideology underpinned by more modern twenty-first century concepts of economics, life, space, place and opportunity. The book combines personal experiences of rural living with overviews of initiatives that aim to reduce inequities between rural and metro communities by training and supporting health professionals to work in rural areas where there is often an acute shortage of practitioners to meet the needs of these communities. This shortage of professional people in rural areas contributes to the growing separation of rural and urban cultures and to the poorer health status of rural people compared with that of urban populations. In this context, the book Across the Divide: Health and Wellbeing in Rural Australia explores options for reducing these divisions and improving the health and wellbeing of rural populations in Australia. It focuses on health status and the emerging inequities experienced by rural people and explores ways of improving access to services and practicing health professionals, health education and health literacy.

DKK 718.00
1

Social Security Disability Insurance - Harvey Daniels - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Social Security Disability Insurance - Harvey Daniels - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program provides benefits to insured workers with disabilities under the full retirement age and their dependants based on an individual worker''s earnings and work history in covered employment. Recently, some Members of Congress and the public have expressed concern over the financial sustainability of the SSDI program. This book provides an overview of reform proposals designed to mitigate the growth in SSDI rolls. Most of the proposals discussed in this book focus on reducing the inflow (incidence) of new beneficiaries into the program. The authors also focus on information on two components of federal disability benefits, those provided through the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs, policy options for the social security disability insurance program and provide a testimony of David C Stapleton on securing the future of the social security disability program.

DKK 722.00
1

Mechanical Vibration Methods for Studying Physical Properties of Solid Materials - Y. Hiki - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Mechanical Vibration Methods for Studying Physical Properties of Solid Materials - Y. Hiki - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The method of observing the response of a solid to an applied mechanical vibration - mechanical vibration method - is useful for investigating various physical properties of materials. Topics used include the characterization of defects in crystals, nonlinear elasticity of crystals, electron conduction and superconductivity, and melting phenomenon. The materials are inorganic, organic, and metallic glasses of various kinds. The phenomena of the glass transition and crystallization are the main objects. Viscosity, internal friction, ultrasound propagation, and Brillouin scattering experiments are used. This book presents research in order to show the utility of the method by examining the formalism of the elasticity and mechanical vibration, as well as research concerning crystalline solids.

DKK 633.00
1

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Technology of Black Molydenum Spectrally Selective Surfaces - E E Chain - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc -

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Technology of Black Molydenum Spectrally Selective Surfaces - E E Chain - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc -

Since 1980, when first applied in the new lamp industry, chemical vapour deposition has been employed in a diverse group of technologies (Jacobson, 1982). At present, CVD plays vital role in microelectronics, wear and radiation resistant coatings, fibre-optics, and the purification and fabrication of exotic materials, from ultra-low expansion glasses to high purity refractory metals. CVD has four major advantages over most other thin film deposition techniques. First, the process allows tight control over gas stream flow rate and composition which leads to predictable and repeatable film composition and graded structures, if desired. Second, the thermal activation of the reaction establishes thermal equilibrium at the site of film deposition, producing tight, highly co-ordinated structures. Third, the throwing power of CVD is excellent, allowing for the coating of less accessible surfaces such as the inside of tubes. Last, the are is especially well suited to the deposition of refractory materials which is difficult by other techniques.

DKK 405.00
1

Rare Earths As A Probe of Environment & Electron-Phonon Interaction in Optical Materials - Margherita Mazzera - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc -

Rare Earths As A Probe of Environment & Electron-Phonon Interaction in Optical Materials - Margherita Mazzera - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc -

The rare earth electronic transitions, widely exploited for optical applications, occur within the shielded 4f shell and originate very sharp absorption (or emission) lines in spectra of crystals measured at low temperatures. High resolution absorption spectroscopy, covering broad spectral and temperature ranges, is a powerful tool not only to supply a complete and precise energy level scheme for the rare earth in optical materials, but also to disclose finer details on rare earth environment and interactions with i) other rare earths, ii) lattice vibrations, and iii) nuclear magnetic moments. In the present work the experimental results, taken in the temperature range 9-300 K, covered a spectral region as wide as 75-25000 cm-1 at a resolution as fine as 0.01 cm-1. Their interpretation is supported by calculations based mainly on crystal field theory, superposition model, and nuclear-electronic hyperfine interaction analysis. In this framework, a review is presented on the results obtained by our group during the last years in single crystals (BaY2F8 and YAl3(BO3)4 doped with a variety of rare earths for laser and self frequency doubling applications), in Er-doped glasses, and in nanostructured glass-ceramics for integrated optics.

DKK 534.00
1

Myopia: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Management - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Myopia: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Management - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book is a unique compilation of nine chapters on myopia; overviewing the impact of the increasing global prevalence of this emerging silent pandemic, especially in Asia, where it already is a significant public health problem; theories regarding its progression; preventive trials and innovative modalities to stagger and retard the increase in power; the concept of myopic anisometropia and unequal growth of both eyes, in spite of both eyes having the same genetic and environmental influences; the genetics and epigenetics of myopia and the most feared challenge of all, pathological myopia. It emphasizes that all high myopia is not necessarily pathological, though the chance of pathological myopia is more in high myopes. The monograph explores the close and cohesive association of myopia with open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, strabismus and ocular movements, which are thus significant risk factors for the development as well as progression of myopia. The increasing evidence that ocular movements, especially adduction, in certain cases, may be an intra-ocular pressure independent harbinger of what is commonly called “normal tension glaucoma” has immense translational connotations regarding the management of this doubly blinding condition, glaucoma and pathological myopia. While in common parlance, the management of myopia comprises refractive correction by glasses or contact lenses, a comprehensive chapter elucidating different modalities of contemporary refractive surgeries to ameliorate myopia, adds knowledge regarding currently available alternatives for the appropriate treatment of this condition. It is anticipated that this unique monograph will find a place in the academic arsenal of general physicians, ophthalmologists, students and mentors alike in understanding the prevalence, risk factors and management of this exponentially increasing global public health issue.

DKK 718.00
1