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Export Administration Act - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The book provides the statutory authority for export controls on sensitive dual-use goods and technologies, items that have both civilian and military applications, including those items that can contribute to the proliferation of nuclear, biological and chemical weaponry. This new book examines the evolution, provisions, debate, controversy, prospects and reauthorisation of the EAA.

DKK 633.00

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Dual Processing Model of Visual Information - Hitoshi Sasaki - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

In order to investigate a possible role of visual processing in regulation of adaptive behaviours, two behavioural experiments using colour stimulus were performed in human subjects. In the first experiment, hemispheric asymmetry of colour processing was investigated by measuring reaction time to a stimulus presented either in the left or the right visual field responded by the ipsilateral hand. In the second experiment, a modulatory effect of colour on sensory motor gait was investigated using a prepulse inhibition task. Traditionally, it was though that these two processes are in series, while in the present model, these processes are in parallel, in addition to the serial processing. The authors of this book examine the results of these two models and its implications, as well as other developments in the field.

DKK 538.00

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Gas Closed System Cycles - Chih Wu - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Heat engines that use gases as the working fluid in a closed system model were discussed in this book. Otto cycle, Diesel, Miller, and Dual cycle are internal combustion engines. Stirling cycle is an external combustion engine. The Otto cycle is a spark-ignition reciprocating engine made of an isentropic compression process, a constant volume combustion process, an isentropic expansion process, and a constant volume cooling process. The thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle depends on its compression ratio. The compression ratio is defined as r=Vmax/Vmin. The Otto cycle efficiency is limited by the compression ratio because of the engine knock problem. The Diesel cycle is a compression-ignition reciprocating engine made of an isentropic compression process, a constant pressure combustion process, an isentropic expansion process, and a constant volume cooling process. The thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle depends on its compression ratio and cut-off ratio. The compression ratio is defined as r=Vmax/Vmin. The cut-off ratio is defined as rcutoff=Vcombustion off/Vmin. The Dual cycle involves two heat addition processes, one at constant volume and one at constant pressure. It behaves more like an actual cycle than either Otto or Diesel cycle. The Lenoir cycle was the first commercially successful internal combustion engine. The Stirling cycle and Wicks cycle are attempt to achieve the Carnot efficiency. The Miller cycle uses variable valve timing for compression ratio control to improve the performance of internal combustion engines.

DKK 534.00

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Lifelong Learning - Gail E. Fitzsimons - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

For a variety of historical, cultural, social, and/or economic reasons, adults may experience the need to continue their mathematics education in some form. In today''s world, technology is playing an increasingly important role in educational situations, in the workplace, and at home. Technology plays a dual role in the teaching and learning of mathematics/numeracy for adults. Technology, electronic and otherwise, offers a medium to enhance learning in the form of tools such as rulers and compasses as well as software programs. However, these need to be made objects of learning in their own right before they can support higher level thinking. This book illustrates how electronic technologies offer new and improved levels of learning, especially in the field of mathematics.

DKK 534.00

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Leapfrogging Development in Emerging Asia - Peter Ho - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book examines the opportunities and constraints of environmental leapfrogging in Asia by zooming in on several country cases: China, Vietnam, Singapore and Taiwan. The world has witnessed the profound transformation of China, Vietnam, Taiwan and Singapore from impoverished developing regions into strong and internationally competitive economies. However, it has become obvious that their rapid development has come at a price. Contrary to their economic successes, these Asian economies have been much less successful in terms of ecological sustainability and environmental protection. Mega-cities, such as Shanghai, Beijing, and Ho Chi Minh City suffer from increased air pollution, traffic congestion and a boom in the generation of solid waste. The rapid industrialisation poses a dual challenge to the state. "Doing it right the first time" -- by installing clean technologies, developing the institutional capacity and the appropriate governance style to enforce environmental regulations- could lead to "leapfrogging", the development process and building industrial economies that are both competitive and more sustainable than economies with an older industrial base.

DKK 1034.00

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Aphasia - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Aphasia is a language disorder in which there is an impairment (but not loss) of speech and of comprehension of speech. Depending on the area and extent of the damage, someone suffering from aphasia may be able to speak but not write, or vice versa, or display any of a wide variety of other deficiencies in language comprehension and production. This book will review grammatical world class processing by aphasic individuals and bilingual aphasia, each of which is essential to an understanding of the topic. This book will also examine the role of the right hemisphere for language processing and successful therapeutic interventions in aphasic patients. Furthermore, new findings for the understanding of neural processes involved in the recovery of language functions in aphasic subjects are discussed. This book also expands and improves upon the currently accepted methodology used in the diagnosis of dementia, particularly when aphasia is a core symptom. Finally, dual-route models and right-hemispheric accounts are examined to predict comprehension of figurative language in healthy speakers as well as in patients with language disorders.

DKK 1079.00

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Ethnic Differences - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book opens with a study evaluating the extent to which ethnic/racial differences are present in the reading achievement of Texas grade four boys and girls in special education. In addition, the degree to which differences are present in the reading performance of grade four Texas students as a function of their ethnicity/race is examined. The degree to which differences are present in the assignment of Juvenile Justice Alternative Education Program placements as a function of the ethnicity/race in Texas grades six, seven, and eight boys for the 2012-2013 through the 2015-2016 school years is also addressed. Differences in second semester GPAs for students with dual credit enrolment status in Texas community colleges are analysed for the 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2014-2015 academic years. Continuing, a multiyear, state-wide investigation is used to assess the graduation rates of Hispanic and white students in Texas community colleges for the 2008-2009 through the 2014-2015 academic years. The concluding study reviews prevention and treatment techniques for Asian scars, including steroids, surgery, laser and fat grafting. The importance of preventing scarring and specific treatments for Asian populations are also discussed.

DKK 718.00

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Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law - Charles Doyle - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Crime is usually territorial. It is a matter of the law of the place where it occurs. Nevertheless, a surprising number of American criminal laws apply outside of the United States. Application is generally a question of legislative intent, expressed or implied. In either case, it most often involves crimes committed aboard a ship or airplane, crimes condemned by international treaty, crimes committed against government employees or property, or crimes that have an impact in this country even if planned or committed in part elsewhere. Although the crimes may be many, so are the obstacles to their enforcement. For both practical and diplomatic reasons, criminal investigations within another country require the acquiescence, consent, or preferably the assistance, of the authorities of the host country. The United States has mutual legal assistance treaties with several countries designed to formalise such co-operative law enforcement assistance. Searches and interrogations carried out on our behalf by foreign officials, certainly if they involve Americans, must be conducted within the confines of the Fourth and Fifth Amendments. And the Sixth Amendment imposes limits upon the use in American criminal trials of depositions taken abroad. Our recently negotiated extradition treaties address some of the features of our earlier agreements which complicate extradition for extraterritorial offences, i.e., dual criminality requirements and exemptions on the basis of nationality or political offences. To further facilitate the prosecution of federal crimes with extraterritorial application Congress has enacted special venue, statute of limitations, and evidentiary statutes.

DKK 722.00

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Belonging to Puerto Rico & America - Abigal Stahl Mcnamee - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book is based on a study which investigates the developing conceptualisation of twenty-four first, third, and fifth-grade New York Puerto Rican children of their own cultural group. Unique to the study is the notion that children are developing a conceptualisation of a cultural group and that this conceptualisation begins quiet early, within the first decade of life. While the study focuses on one group, it raises the probability that the immigrant children of other cultural groups are also developing a conceptualisation of their group as they reconcile two primary, but different cultures. The study may stimulate similar studies with children of other cultural groups as they immigrate to a new country. The twenty-four children were individually asked to respond to interview questions aimed at eliciting their conceptualisation of "Puerto Ricaness". Given the young age of the children, oral questions were often supported with manipulatives including miniature dolls and photographs representing different cultural groups, marker and paper for drawing. The study focused on nineteen domains and their content which emerge as relevant organisers of children thinking about their cultural group: twelve domains relevant to Puerto Rican people, six domains relevant to the country of Puerto Rico, and one domain relevant to the dual life of Puerto Ricans as they live in the United sates while maintaining physical and/or psychological contact with Puerto Rico. Analysis of the data was organised around patterns in the children''s responses related to frequency of reference to each of the nineteen domains (Global Conceptualisation, Differentiated Conceptualisation, Integrated Conceptualisation, and Hierarchically Integrated Conceptualisation), and emerging themselves in the children''s conceptualisation.

DKK 722.00

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Foldases Catalyzing the Formation & Isomerization of Disulfide Bonds in Proteins - Natalya K Nagradova - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc -

One of the rate-limiting steps in the folding pathways of many secretory proteins is the formation of correct disulfide bonds between cysteine residues. In eukaryotes, both disulfide bond formation and isomerisation which shuffles incorrectly formed disulfides are catalysed by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), whereas in bacteria these two reactions are catalysed by separate enzymes. Both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells the oxidation and isomerisation steps proceed exclusively in extracytoplasmic environments (the lumen of the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum and the Gram-negative bacterial periplasmic space). The family of foldases under discussion is characterised by a conserved "thioredoxin fold" and a common active site motif: Cys-X-X-Cys. The process of disulfide bond formation relies on thiol-disulfide exchange between oxidised and reduced cysteine pairs in the catalyst and substrate protein. Two separate pathways involved in disulfide bond formation and isomerisation have been characterised both in eukaryotes and in bacteria. In the oxidative pathway, oxidizing equivalents flow from oxygen to a membrane protein (Ero1p in eukaryotes or DsbB in bacteria), and then to a folding protein containing reduced cysteines via PDI (in eukaryotes) or via DsbA (in bacteria). In the isomerisation pathway, DsbC (bacterial protein disulfide isomerase) or PDI (in eukaryotes) interacts with substrate proteins that contain non-native disulfide bonds, allowing these bonds to rearrange to their native pairings. Reducing equivalents which are necessary to maintain DsbC in a reduced form, able to attack misfolded disulfides, are transferred from the cytoplasm with the aid of the cytoplasmic membrane protein DsbD. In eukaryotes, reduced glutathione is the main source of reducing equivalents for PDI. A dual role of PDI as an oxidase and an isomerase is facilitated by its complex domain architecture.

DKK 405.00

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Optimization of Paced AV Delay Using Atrial Contribution Index - Jiri Kvasnicka - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The hemodynamic effect of the atria on the net performance of the heart is called atrial contribution (AC). AC is either linked to ventricular filling or to the systolic function of the heart, i.e. to the systolic volume or cardiac output. Several noninvasive methods for the quantification of AC are described in literature but none of them are routinely used in cardiac pacing centres due to the time-consuming nature of the methods, the limited reproducibility of measured values and observer dependency. The aim of these studies was to develop a method for determining optimal AV delay in patients treated by dual chamber pacing using an index (ACSp) that quantifies atrial contribution to the systolic volume of the left ventricle. The new method is based on the quantitative analysis of a beat to beat decrease in the amplitude of the pulse oximetry signal (SpO2). The change in the amplitudes is induced by a sudden drop of the stimulus to the right atrium, while maintaining the rate of ventricular stimuli at a constant level. The obtained ACSp is given as a percentage of the pulse amplitude of SpO2. The method is independent of the observer, non-invasive and relatively fast. In a group of 47 patients, remarkable similarities between ACSp and another atrial contribution index estimated using the tracings of invasively registered aortal pressure were demonstrated. In all investigated AV intervals of 50 to 250 ms, significant inter-individual variability of ACSp was discovered. The poorest hemodynamic effect was seen at AV delay of 50 ms (median ACSp of 10.4 % from 97 subjects). In 150 subjects, the following values of ACSp were obtained at AV delay of 200 ms: median 30 %, minimum 3.6 % and maximum 80.4 %. An increase in ACSp follows reduction of preload induced by administration of furosemide. This suggests that when preload decreases cardiac output is preserved by an increase in AC enforced by sympathetic activation.

DKK 514.00

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Neanderthals in Platos Cave - George F. Steiner - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Dual inheritance theory (DIT) recognizes the fact that for the last 50 millennia cultural evolution has had a marked impact on our anatomy, behavior and cognition. Unfortunately, by considering cumulative cultural evolution as the natural choice of all cognitively modern humans, DIT implies that technological innovation is the index of progress, and that the ratcheting of innovations becomes the goal of cultural evolution. This is accomplished by developing a certain degree of social complexity in which the biased copying of cultural models becomes a technique of cultural transmission. Small and isolated populations are therefore doomed, and the treadmill model takes effect, in which the lack of demographic strength results in impaired social learning and loss/infidelity in copying. However, the anthropological literature documents small and isolated groups that havedespite these handicapsdeveloped intricate exchange networks that do not necessarily rely on technological innovation and function only in low demographical settings. Not only that the parameters upon which cultural transmission is based in DITprestige, skills, successare unknown, but certain leveling mechanisms ensure that these parameters become eliminated and thus, no cultural models can rise to prominence. Interestingly, these societies do not seem to be plagued by cultural loss and, instead of hopelessly running the treadmill and living in poverty, they have developed egalitarian and, to an extent, affluent societies. The cultural evolution of these groups does not rely on accumulation, but rather on reduction. The reductive cultural orientations of such primitive societies are not an ancestral developmental stage, but rather an independent achievement. Populations following a reductive cultural orientationknown in anthropology as immediate-return hunters-gatherersare often described as pedomorphic, due to their markedly neotenous features. On the other hand, populations that follow a cumulative type of cultural evolution are surprisingly rugged phenotypes. In the case of the latter, a cultural leap occurred during the Middle/Upper Paleolithic transition, which resulted in the entrenchment of archaic behavioral traits upon which hierarchical societies became established. Conversely, in the case of reductive orientations, a cultural regression seems to have occurred, but only during the early Holocene. The adoption of a cultural primitivismimmediate-return subsistenceoffered a degree of flexibility that allowed for a neotenal leap. This enabled the reduction of archaic behavioral traits and the emergence of egalitarian societies.

DKK 1079.00

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How Capitalism and the Liberal Market-System Fostered Organized Crime, Corruption and Ecocide - Rodolfo Apreda - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc -

Capitalism and the liberal approach to markets have been assailed for long, and from several quarters as well, on the grounds of an extensive swathe of topics stretching from globalization through wealth distribution, infighting among groups of interest, unemployment, wide-ranging poverty, class struggles, imperialism and the like. There is no denying that time runs out for both capitalism and liberal markets in representative democracies. On the other hand, authoritarian or populist regimes are intensely trying other political and economic roads by putting on impressive performances as the one China has claimed for the last decades. This book, however, sets forth another standpoint, asserting that capitalism and economic liberalism have fostered and empowered a triad comprising organized crime, corruption and ecocide to an extent not witnessed before in human history. This partnership stemmed from the internal dynamics of capitalism and economic liberalism that failed in strengthening the institutions of representative democracies and neglected the most basic social issues. To add insult to injury, the triad took advantage of the same tool kit of organizational skills and technologies that allowed praiseworthy companies to thrive and develop, but without displaying any moral constraint and with dire contempt of the law instead. In contrast with the conventional approach, this book connects the dots between the bad politics and worse governance that organizations in the triad extensively have carried out so far. For the first time in the literature, the threads of organized crime, corruption and ecocide are borne to light by showing how rotten politics and criminal governances have been intertwined in the end. If capitalism and the liberal economics are doomed to failure, the trappings of the triad put both ideologies on the slippery slope and will bring them to account at last. It is the author's contention that to redress the balance in representative democracies, their underlying political systems must work their way through post capitalism by means of social democracy and social markets, which amounts to a new governance and a better politics. The broad and innovative scope of the book can be surveyed through the titles of its seven chapters: governance and politics; how accountability and transparency become social learning processes; political conflict-systems and dual governance; dysfunctional governance, the capture of the state, and corruption; the governance and politics of organized crime and ecocide; the day of reckoning for capitalism and the liberal market system; social democracy, social markets, and the welfare state will stand for post capitalism.

DKK 821.00

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Joint Imaging Applications in General Neurodegenerative Disease - Yongxia Zhou - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Multiple advanced neuroimaging applications in various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), vascular dementia (VaD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are covered in this book. Relatively novel techniques such as integrated PET/MRI and independent component analysis (ICA)-based dual regression (DR) methods were developed to capture multi-level molecular/functional and structural/microstructural as well as high-order inter-network coordination abnormalities. For instance, both PET dopamine transporter and striatal binding ratio reductions in the caudate and putamen were found in PD, consistent with the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fractional anisotropy (FA) reduction and fMRI voxel-mirrored homotopic correlation (VMHC) in the substantia nigra (swallow tail sign signature of PD). Furthermore, dopamine storage and pathway labeled with the vesicular monoamine transporter tracer identified decreased densities in the bilateral mesial temporal cortex, caudate, orbitofrontal cortex, left frontal and occipital cortices, consistent with the morphological atrophy, functional connectivity and conductivity deficits in PD. Similarly in FTD patients, the advanced MRI methods such as ICA-DR, VMHC, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) as well as PET tracer for amyloid accumulation and FDG glucose uptake identified typical brain atrophy, structural dis-connectivity, glucose hypometabolism, higher neuropathological burden, lower interhemispheric correlation as well as disrupted intra- and inter-network modulation in the orbitofrontal and anterior temporal cortices together with insular and frontoparietal networks, with the cerebellum and dorsolateral attentional network as typical compensations. Functional and structural abnormalities had further been elucidated in the VaD dependent participants and autistic children. For instance, both lower FA and VMHC, brain atrophy and functional connectivity deficits, demyelination, axonal degeneration and white matter integrity damage in several white matter tracts were present in the dependent compared to independent participants in VaD data cohort. Increased neuronal activity with higher global fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in the conventional and slow-wave sub-band was confirmed with less efficiency of systematic integration in VaD dependent group. Moreover, in ASD compared to controls, regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in all four brain lobes increased, whereas white matter volume were decreased in addition to the lower temporal, visual and superior frontal but higher inferior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical functional connectivities exhibited in ASD. The differences in each type of disease could also be revealed with the same imaging method based on either unique region or distinct brain circuit inter-connection, using VMHC, ICA-DR, DTI, VBM, fALFF and graph-theory based small-worldness analysis. In this book, we have developed and generalized conventional and advanced imaging methodologies to several common neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, we have identified the unique imaging signature for each disease type and the underlying neuropathological mechanism connections with conductivity, structural and microstructural connectivity, intra- and inter-network correlation, systematic integration and efficiency analyses. Our objective, comprehensive and confirmative results indicated great potential in utilizing these quantifications for accurate disease classification and staging. With solid imaging evidence, thorough analysis and generalized applications, this book should capture the interests of readers in the broad fields of brain science, disease diagnosis and effective treatment.

DKK 718.00

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