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Coherent X-Ray Optics - David Paganin - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

Coherent X-Ray Optics - David Paganin - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

This book gives a thorough treatment of the rapidly-expanding field of coherent X-ray optics, which has recently experienced something of a renaissance with the availability of third-generation synchrotron sources. It is the first book of its kind. The author begins with a treatment of the fundamentals of X-ray diffraction for both coherent and partially coherent radiation, together with the interactions of X-rays with matter. X-ray sources, optical elements and detectors are then discussed, with an emphasis on their role in coherent X-ray optics. Various facets of coherent X-ray imaging are then discussed, including holography, interferometry, self imaging, phase contrast and phase retrieval. Lastly, the foundations of the new field of singular X-ray optics are examined. Most topics are developed from first principles, with numerous references given to the contemporary research literature. This book will be useful to X-ray physicists and students, together with optical physicists and engineers who wish to learn more about the fascinating subject of coherent X-ray optics.

DKK 857.00
1

Photon Counting Detectors for X-ray Imaging - Takumi Asakawa - Bog - Springer Nature Switzerland AG - Plusbog.dk

Photon Counting Detectors for X-ray Imaging - Takumi Asakawa - Bog - Springer Nature Switzerland AG - Plusbog.dk

This book first provides readers with an introduction to the underlying physics and state-of-the-art application of photon counting detectors for X-ray imaging. The authors explain that a photon-counting imaging detector can realize quantitative analysis because the detector can derive X-ray attenuation information based on the analysis of intensity changes of individual X-ray. To realize this analysis, it is important to consider the physics of an object and detector material. In this book, the authors introduce a novel analytical procedure to create quantitative X-ray images for medical diagnosis.

DKK 816.00
1

X-Ray Diffraction for Materials Research - Myeongkyu Lee - Bog - Apple Academic Press Inc. - Plusbog.dk

X-Ray Diffraction for Materials Research - Myeongkyu Lee - Bog - Apple Academic Press Inc. - Plusbog.dk

X-ray diffraction is a useful and powerful analysis technique for characterizing crystalline materials commonly employed in MSE, physics, and chemistry. This informative new book describes the principles of X-ray diffraction and its applications to materials characterization. It consists of three parts. The first deals with elementary crystallography and optics, which is essential for understanding the theory of X-ray diffraction discussed in the second section of the book. Part 2 describes how the X-ray diffraction can be applied for characterizing such various forms of materials as thin films, single crystals, and powders. The third section of the book covers applications of X-ray diffraction. The book presents a number of examples to help readers better comprehend the subject. X-Ray Diffraction for Materials Research: From Fundamentals to Applications also • provides background knowledge of diffraction to enable nonspecialists to become familiar with the topics • covers the practical applications as well as the underlying principle of X-ray diffraction • presents appropriate examples with answers to help readers understand the contents more easily • includes thin film characterization by X-ray diffraction with relevant experimental techniques • presents a huge number of elaborately drawn graphics to help illustrate the content The book will help readers (students and researchers in materials science, physics, and chemistry) understand crystallography and crystal structures, interference and diffraction, structural analysis of bulk materials, characterization of thin films, and nondestructive measurement of internal stress and phase transition. Diffraction is an optical phenomenon and thus can be better understood when it is explained with an optical approach, which has been neglected in other books. This book helps to fill that gap, providing information to convey the concept of X-ray diffraction and how it can be applied to the materials analysis. This book will be a valuable reference book for researchers in the field and will work well as a good introductory book of X-ray diffraction for students in materials science, physics, and chemistry.

DKK 819.00
1

High-mass X-ray Binaries (IAU S346) - - Bog - Cambridge University Press - Plusbog.dk

High-mass X-ray Binaries (IAU S346) - - Bog - Cambridge University Press - Plusbog.dk

Providing an up-to-date overview of research in the field of high-mass X-ray binaries, this volume consists of the contributions made at IAU Symposium 346. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, it includes reviews on massive star winds and HMXB donors, Be Stars in the X-ray binary context, dynamical versus isolated formation channels of gravitational-wave sources, HMXBs as progenitors of double compact objects, HMXBs in the Early Universe and their impact in cosmology and gravitational wave astrophysics, as well as the summary review ''High Mass X-ray Binaries: Beacons in a Stormy Universe''. This Symposium provides a bridge between the relatively mature field of massive binary astrophysics and the newly emerging field of gravitational wave astronomy, indicating the future development of this growing branch of astrophysics. It is essential reading for graduate students and researchers who are looking to gain a general overview of current research activity on X-ray binaries.

DKK 1032.00
1

Calculating X-ray Tube Spectra - Pedro Andreo - Bog - Taylor & Francis Ltd - Plusbog.dk

Calculating X-ray Tube Spectra - Pedro Andreo - Bog - Taylor & Francis Ltd - Plusbog.dk

Calculating x-ray tube spectra provides a comprehensive review of the modelling of x-ray tube emissions, with a focus on medical imaging and radiotherapy applications. It begins by covering the relevant background, before discussing modelling approaches, including both analytical formulations and Monte Carlo simulation. Historical context is provided, based on the past century of literature, as well as a summary of recent developments and insights. The book finishes with example applications for spectrum models, including beam quality prediction and the calculation of dosimetric and image-quality metrics. This book will be a valuable resource for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students studying medical radiation physics, in addition to those in teaching, research, industry and healthcare settings whose work involves x-ray tubes. Key Features: - Covers simple modelling approaches as well as full Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray tubes. - Bremsstrahlung and characteristic contributions to the spectrum are discussed in detail. - Learning is supported by free open-source software and an online repository of code. An online repository of the code that accompanies this book can be found here: https://bitbucket.org/caxtus

DKK 1042.00
1

Ray Tracing from the Ground Up - Kevin Suffern - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

Ray Tracing from the Ground Up - Kevin Suffern - Bog - Taylor & Francis Inc - Plusbog.dk

With the increase in computing speed and due to the high quality of the optical effects it achieves, ray tracing is becoming a popular choice for interactive and animated rendering. This book takes readers through the whole process of building a modern ray tracer from scratch in C++. All concepts and processes are explained in detail with the aid of hundreds of diagrams, ray-traced images, and sample code. It is suitable for undergraduate and graduate computer graphics courses and for individual programmers who would like to learn ray tracing.

DKK 1042.00
1

Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis - D. C. Joy - Bog - Springer Science+Business Media - Plusbog.dk

Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis - D. C. Joy - Bog - Springer Science+Business Media - Plusbog.dk

This text provides students as well as practitioners with a comprehensive introduction to the field of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis. The authors emphasize the practical aspects of the techniques described. Topics discussed include user-controlled functions of scanning electron microscopes and x-ray spectrometers and the use of x-rays for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Separate chapters cover SEM sample preparation methods for hard materials, polymers, and biological specimens. In addition techniques for the elimination of charging in non-conducting specimens are detailed.

DKK 884.00
1

Deep Learning for Advanced X-ray Detection and Imaging Applications - - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

Deep Learning for Advanced X-ray Detection and Imaging Applications - - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to advanced X-ray imaging, with a particular focus on its medical applications. Readers will discover why AI is set to revolutionize traditional signal processing and image reconstruction with vastly improved performance. The authors illustrate how Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) significantly advance X-ray detection analysis, image reconstruction, and other crucial steps. This book also reveals how these technologies enable photon counting detector-based X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), which has the potential not only to improve current CT images but also enable new clinical applications, such as providing higher spatial resolution, better soft tissue contrast, K-edge imaging, and simultaneous multi-contrast agent imaging.

DKK 967.00
1

Early Days of X-ray Crystallography - Andre Authier - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

Early Days of X-ray Crystallography - Andre Authier - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

2012 marked the centenary of one of the most significant discoveries of the early twentieth century, the discovery of X-ray diffraction (March 1912, by Laue, Friedrich, and Knipping) and of Bragg''s law (November 1912). The discovery of X-ray diffraction confirmed the wave nature of X-rays and the space-lattice hypothesis. It had two major consequences: the analysis of the structure of atoms, and the determination of the atomic structure of materials. The momentous impact of the discovery in the fields of chemistry, physics, mineralogy, material science, biochemistry and biotechnology has been recognized by the General Assembly of the United Nations by establishing 2014 as the International Year of Crystallography.This book relates the discovery itself, the early days of X-ray crystallography, and the way the news of the discovery spread round the world. It explains how the first crystal structures were determined, and recounts which were the early applications of X-ray crystallography. It also tells how the concept of space lattice has developed since ancient times, and how our understanding of the nature of light has changed over time. The contributions of the main actors of the story, prior to the discovery, at the time of the discovery and immediately afterwards, are described through their writings and are put into the context of the time, accompanied by brief biographical details.

DKK 782.00
1

X-Ray Vision - Richard B. Gunderman - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

X-Ray Vision - Richard B. Gunderman - Bog - Oxford University Press Inc - Plusbog.dk

The discovery of the x-ray in 1895 proved to be one of the most transformative breakthroughs in the history of science. It ushered in a new era in medicine, allowing physicians and patients to peer inside the living human body, without the use of a scalpel, to assess health and diagnose diseases. The x-ray opened up the world of the very small, allowing us to determine the structure of the molecules of which we are made. It also revealed the true nature of the largest and oldest objects in the universe, including the universe itself. Today it has spawned amazing new imaging techniques, including ultrasound, CT scanning, MR imaging, and nuclear medicine, which have opened up remarkable new windows on the structure and function of the human body. This book recounts the stories of the remarkable physicians and scientists who developed these new imaging technologies. It tells the stories of real patients whose lives have been touched, transformed, and in many cases saved by medical imaging. And it shines new light on the surprising ways x-rays have transformed our view of ourselves and the world we inhabit. Richly illustrated with both historical images and imaging studies of real patients, X-ray Vision is a feast for the eyes as well as the mind.

DKK 988.00
1

Fundamentals of Crystallography, Powder X-ray Diffraction, and Transmission Electron Microscopy for Materials Scientists - Dong (nanyang Technological

Fundamentals of Crystallography, Powder X-ray Diffraction, and Transmission Electron Microscopy for Materials Scientists - Dong (nanyang Technological

The structure–property relationship is a key topic in materials science and engineering. To understand why a material displays certain behaviors, the first step is to resolve its crystal structure and reveal its structure characteristics. Fundamentals of Crystallography, Powder X-ray Diffraction, and Transmission Electron Microscopy for Materials Scientists equips readers with an in-depth understanding of using powder x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy for the analysis of crystal structures. - - Introduces fundamentals of crystallography - - - Covers XRD of materials, including geometry and intensity of diffracted x-ray beams and experimental methods - - - Describes TEM of materials and includes atomic scattering factors, electron diffraction, and diffraction and phase contrasts - - - Discusses applications of HRTEM in materials research - - - Explains concepts used in XRD and TEM lab training - Based on the author’s course lecture notes, this text guides materials science and engineering students with minimal reliance on advanced mathematics. It will also appeal to a broad spectrum of readers, including researchers and professionals working in the disciplines of materials science and engineering, applied physics, and chemical engineering.

DKK 993.00
1

The Speed Handbook - Enda Duffy - Bog - Duke University Press - Plusbog.dk

The Speed Handbook - Enda Duffy - Bog - Duke University Press - Plusbog.dk

Speed, the sensation one gets when driving fast, was described by Aldous Huxley as the single new pleasure invented by modernity. The Speed Handbook is a virtuoso exploration of Huxley’s claim. Enda Duffy shows how the experience of speed has always been political and how it has affected nearly all aspects of modern culture. Primarily a result of the mass-produced automobile, the experience of speed became the quintessential way for individuals to experience modernity, to feel modernity in their bones. Duffy plunges full-throttle into speed’s “adrenaline aesthetics,” offering deft readings of works ranging from F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby , through J. G. Ballard’s Crash , to the cautionary consumerism of Ralph Nader. He describes how speed changed understandings of space, distance, chance, and violence; how the experience of speed was commodified in the dawning era of mass consumption; and how society was incited to abhor slowness and desire speed. He examines how people were trained by new media such as the cinema to see, hear, and sense speed, and how speed, demanded of the efficient assembly-line worker, was given back to that worker as the chief thrill of leisure. Assessing speed’s political implications, Duffy considers how speed pleasure was offered to citizens based on criteria including their ability to pay and their gender, and how speed quickly became something to be patrolled by governments. Drawing on novels, news reports, photography, advertising, and much more, Duffy provides a breakneck tour through the cultural dynamics of speed.

DKK 800.00
1

Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis - Dale Newbury - Bog - Springer-Verlag New York Inc. - Plusbog.dk

Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis - Dale Newbury - Bog - Springer-Verlag New York Inc. - Plusbog.dk

This thoroughly revised and updated Fourth Edition of a time-honored text provides the reader with a comprehensive introduction to the field of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) for elemental microanalysis, electron backscatter diffraction analysis (EBSD) for micro-crystallography and focused ion beams. Students and academic researchers will find the text to be an authoritative and scholarly resource, while SEM operators and a diversity of practitioners — engineers, technicians, physical and biological scientists, clinicians, and technical managers — will find that every chapter has been overhauled to meet the more practical needs of the technologist and working professional. In a break with the past, this Fourth Edition de-emphasizes the design and physical operating basis of the instrumentation, including the electron sources, lenses, detectors, etc. In the modern SEM, many of the low level instrument parameters are now controlled and optimized by the microscope’s software, and user access is restricted. Although the software control system provides efficient and reproducible microscopy and microanalysis, the user must understand the parameter space wherein choices are made to achieve effective and meaningful microscopy, microanalysis, and micro-crystallography. Therefore, special emphasis is placed on beam energy, beam current, electron detector characteristics and controls, and ancillary techniques such as energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). With 13 years between the publication of the third and fourth editions, new coverage reflects the many improvements in the instrument and analysis techniques. The SEM has evolved into a powerful and versatile characterization platform in which morphology, elemental composition, and crystal structure can be evaluated simultaneously. Extension of the SEM into a "dual beam" platform incorporating both electron and ion columns allows precision modification of the specimen by focused ion beam milling. New coverage in the Fourth Edition includes the increasing use of field emission guns and SEM instruments with high resolution capabilities, variable pressure SEM operation, theory, and measurement of x-rays with high throughput silicon drift detector (SDD-EDS) x-ray spectrometers. In addition to powerful vendor- supplied software to support data collection and processing, the microscopist can access advanced capabilities available in free, open source software platforms, including the National Institutes of Health (NIH) ImageJ-Fiji for image processing and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) DTSA II for quantitative EDS x-ray microanalysis and spectral simulation, both of which are extensively used in this work. However, the user has a responsibility to bring intellect, curiosity, and a proper skepticism to information on a computer screen and to the entire measurement process. This book helps you to achieve this goal. - Realigns the text with the needs of a diverse audience from researchers and graduate students to SEM operators and technical managers - Emphasizes practical, hands-on operation of the microscope, particularly user selection of the critical operating parameters to achieve meaningful results - Provides step-by-step overviews of SEM, EDS, and EBSD and checklists of critical issues for SEM imaging, EDS x-ray microanalysis, and EBSD crystallographic measurements - Makes extensive use of open source software: NIH ImageJ-FIJI for image processing and NIST DTSA II for quantitative EDS x-ray microanalysis and EDS spectral simulation. - Includes case studies to illustrate practical problem solving - Covers Helium ion scanning microscopy - Organized into relatively self-contained modules – no need to "read it all" to understand a topic

DKK 884.00
1

Gamma-ray and Neutrino Signatures of Galactic Cosmic-ray Accelerators - Silvia Celli - Bog - Springer Nature Switzerland AG - Plusbog.dk

Gamma-ray and Neutrino Signatures of Galactic Cosmic-ray Accelerators - Silvia Celli - Bog - Springer Nature Switzerland AG - Plusbog.dk

This book addresses three "hot" topics concerning the general problem of the origin of Galactic cosmic rays, namely (1) the acceleration, propagation, and radiation of particles in supernova remnants; (2) very high energy neutrinos from the Galactic Center; and (3) the potential held by the next-generation gamma-ray and neutrino detectors CTA and KM3NeT for studying extended non-thermal sources in the Galaxy. The topics are intrinsically connected to determining the nature ("hadronic or leptonic?") of gamma-ray emissions from young and middle-aged supernova remnants and the search for cosmic-ray PeVatrons. The results and conclusions provided here are based on extensive analytical and numerical simulations, which are formulated and presented in a straightforward format that can be readily used in the interpretations of gamma-ray and neutrino observations, as well as for confident predictions for future measurements.

DKK 816.00
1

Gamma-ray and Neutrino Signatures of Galactic Cosmic-ray Accelerators - Silvia Celli - Bog - Springer Nature Switzerland AG - Plusbog.dk

Gamma-ray and Neutrino Signatures of Galactic Cosmic-ray Accelerators - Silvia Celli - Bog - Springer Nature Switzerland AG - Plusbog.dk

This book addresses three "hot" topics concerning the general problem of the origin of Galactic cosmic rays, namely (1) the acceleration, propagation, and radiation of particles in supernova remnants; (2) very high energy neutrinos from the Galactic Center; and (3) the potential held by the next-generation gamma-ray and neutrino detectors CTA and KM3NeT for studying extended non-thermal sources in the Galaxy. The topics are intrinsically connected to determining the nature ("hadronic or leptonic?") of gamma-ray emissions from young and middle-aged supernova remnants and the search for cosmic-ray PeVatrons. The results and conclusions provided here are based on extensive analytical and numerical simulations, which are formulated and presented in a straightforward format that can be readily used in the interpretations of gamma-ray and neutrino observations, as well as for confident predictions for future measurements.

DKK 816.00
1

High-Speed Internet Access on Tribal Lands - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

High-Speed Internet Access on Tribal Lands - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

High-speed Internet service is viewed as a critical component of the nations infrastructure and an economic driver, particularly to remote tribal communities. However, in 2015, the Federal Communications Commissions (FCC) reported that the lack of service in tribal areas presents impediments. This book examines perspectives of tribes and providers on high-speed Internet access and barriers to increasing this access; the level of interrelation and coordination between federal programs that promote high-speed Internet access on tribal lands; and existing data and performance measures related to high-speed Internet on tribal lands.

DKK 821.00
1

High-Speed Photonics Interconnects - - Bog - Taylor & Francis Ltd - Plusbog.dk

High-Speed Photonics Interconnects - - Bog - Taylor & Francis Ltd - Plusbog.dk

Dramatic increases in processing power have rapidly scaled on-chip aggregate bandwidths into the Tb/s range. This necessitates a corresponding increase in the amount of data communicated between chips, so as not to limit overall system performance. To meet the increasing demand for interchip communication bandwidth, researchers are investigating the use of high-speed optical interconnect architectures. Unlike their electrical counterparts, optical interconnects offer high bandwidth and negligible frequency-dependent loss, making possible per-channel data rates of more than 10 Gb/s. High-Speed Photonics Interconnects explores some of the groundbreaking technologies and applications that are based on photonics interconnects. From the Evolution of High-Speed I/O Circuits to the Latest in Photonics Interconnects Packaging and Lasers Featuring contributions by experts from academia and industry, the book brings together in one volume cutting-edge research on various aspects of high-speed photonics interconnects. Contributors delve into a wide range of technologies, from the evolution of high-speed input/output (I/O) circuits to recent trends in photonics interconnects packaging. The book discusses the challenges associated with scaling I/O data rates and current design techniques. It also describes the major high-speed components, channel properties, and performance metrics. The book exposes readers to a myriad of applications enabled by photonics interconnects technology. Learn about Optical Interconnect Technologies Suitable for High-Density Integration with CMOS Chips This richly illustrated work details how optical interchip communication links have the potential to fully leverage increased data rates provided through complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology scaling at suitable power-efficiency levels. Keeping the mathematics to a minimum, it gives engineers, researchers, graduate students, and entrepreneurs a comprehensive overview of the dynamic landscape of high-speed photonics interconnects.

DKK 837.00
1

Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering from Solutions of Biological Macromolecules - Peter A. Timmins - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering from Solutions of Biological Macromolecules - Peter A. Timmins - Bog - Oxford University Press - Plusbog.dk

Small-angle scattering of X-rays (SAXS) and neutrons (SANS) is an established method for the structural characterization of biological objects in a broad size range from individual macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids) to large macromolecular complexes. SAXS/SANS is complementary to the high resolution methods of X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance, allowing for hybrid modeling and also accounting for available biophysical and biochemical data. Quantitative characterization of flexible macromolecular systems and mixtures has recently become possible. SAXS/SANS measurements can be easily performed in different conditions by adding ligands or binding partners, and by changing physical and/or chemical characteristics of the solvent to provide information on the structural responses. The technique provides kinetic information about processes like folding and assembly and also allows one to analyze macromolecular interactions. The major factors promoting the increasingly active use of SAXS/SANS are modern high brilliance X-ray and neutron sources, novel data analysis methods, and automation of the experiment, data processing and interpretation.In this book, following the presentation of the basics of scattering from isotropic macromolecular solutions, modern instrumentation, experimental practice and advanced analysis techniques are explained. Advantages of X-rays (rapid data collection, small sample volumes) and of neutrons (contrast variation by hydrogen/deuterium exchange) are specifically highlighted. Examples of applications of the technique to different macromolecular systems are considered with specific emphasis on the synergistic use of SAXS/SANS with other structural, biophysical and computational techniques.

DKK 825.00
1