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On-Wafer Calibration Techniques Enabling Accurate Characterization of High-Performance Silicon Devices at the mm-Wave Range and Beyond

Versatile Video Coding

Video is the main driver of bandwidth use accounting for over 80 per cent of consumer Internet traffic. Video compression is a critical component of many of the available multimedia applications it is necessary for storage or transmission of digital video over today's band-limited networks. The majority of this video is coded using international standards developed in collaboration with ITU-T Study Group and MPEG. The MPEG family of video coding standards begun on the early 1990s with MPEG-1 developed for video and audio storage on CD-ROMs with support for progressive video. MPEG-2 was standardized in 1995 for applications of video on DVD standard and high definition television with support for interlaced and progressive video. MPEG-4 part 2 also known as MPEG-2 video was standardized in 1999 for applications of low- bit rate multimedia on mobile platforms and the Internet with the support of object-based or content based coding by modeling the scene as background and foreground. Since MPEG-1 the main video coding standards were based on the so-called macroblocks. However research groups continued the work beyond the traditional video coding architectures and found that macroblocks could limit the performance of the compression when using high-resolution video. Therefore in 2013 the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) also known and H. 265 was released with a structure similar to H. 264/AVC but using coding units with more flexible partitions than the traditional macroblocks. HEVC has greater flexibility in prediction modes and transform block sizes also it has a more sophisticated interpolation and de blocking filters. In 2006 the VC-1 was released. VC-1 is a video codec implemented by Microsoft and the Microsoft Windows Media Video (VMW) 9 and standardized by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). In 2017 the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) released a call for proposals for a new video coding standard initially called Beyond the HEVC Future Video Coding (FVC) or known as Versatile Video Coding (VVC). VVC is being built on top of HEVC for application on Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) High Dynamic Range (HDR) and 360° Video. The VVC is planned to be finalized by 2020. This book presents the new VVC and updates on the HEVC. The book discusses the advances in lossless coding and covers the topic of screen content coding. Technical topics discussed include: Beyond the High Efficiency Video CodingHigh Efficiency Video Coding encoderScreen contentLossless and visually lossless coding algorithmsFast coding algorithmsVisual quality assessmentOther screen content coding algorithmsOverview of JPEG Series

Basics of CNC Programming

Before the introduction of automatic machines and automation industrial manufacturing of machines and their parts for the key industries were made though manually operated machines. Due to this manufacturers could not make complex profiles or shapes with high accuracy. As a result the production rate tended to be slow production costs were very high rejection rates were high and manufacturers often could not complete tasks on time. Industry was boosted by the introduction of the semi-automatic manufacturing machine known as the NC machine which was introduced in the 1950��s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the USA. After these NC machine started to be used typical profiles and complex shapes could get produced more readily which in turn lead to an improved production rate with higher accuracy. Thereafter in the 1970��s an even larger revolutionary change was introduced to manufacturing namely the use of the CNC machine (Computer Numerical Control). Since then CNC has become the dominant production method in most manufacturing industries including automotive aviation defence oil and gas medical electronics industry and the optical industry. Basics of CNC Programming describes how to design CNC programs and what cutting parameters are required to make a good manufacturing program. The authors explain about cutting parameters in CNC machines such as cutting feed depth of cut rpm cutting speed etc. and they also explain the G codes and M codes which are common to CNC. The skill-set of CNC program writing is covered as well as how to cut material during different operations like straight turning step turning taper turning drilling chamfering radius profile profile turning etc. In so doing the authors cover the level of CNC programming from basic to industrial format. Drawings and CNC programs to practice on are also included for the reader.

SMART Integrated Circuit Design and Methodology

This book describes advanced flows and methodologies for the design and implementation of system-on-chip (SoC). It is written by a mixture of industrial experts and key academic professors and researchers. The intended audience is not only students but also engineers with system-on-chip and semiconductor background currently working in the semiconductor industry. Integrated Circuits are available in every electronic product especially in emerging market segments such as 5G mobile communications autonomous driving fully electrified vehicles and artificial intelligence. These product types require real-time processing at billions of operations per second. The development design cycle time is driving costs and time to market more than ever before. The traditional design methodologies have reached their limits and innovative solutions are essential to serve the emerging SoC design challenges. In the framework of the Circuit and System Society (CASS) Outreach Initiative 2022 call the SMART Integrated Circuits design methodology – named SMARTIC – Seasonal School was performed in November 2022 in Thessaloniki (Greece). Features Core analog circuits of any system of chip such as high-performance rectifiers and filters are addressed in detail together with their respective design methodology. New advanced methodologies towards design cycle speed up based on machine learning and artificial intelligence applications. Advanced analog design methodology based on gm/Id and lock up tables. A powerful flow for enabling fast time to market analog circuit design focusing on baseband circuits More exotic methodologies and applications with focus on digital-based analog processing in nanoscale CMOS ICs and the design and development of depleted monolithic active pixel sensors for high-radiation applications together with all the respective challenges of this application. | SMART Integrated Circuit Design and Methodology

Photonic Interconnects for Computing Systems Understanding and Pushing Design Challenges

In recent years there has been a considerable amount of effort both in industry and academia focusing on the design implementation performance analysis evaluation and prediction of silicon photonic interconnects for inter- and intra-chip communication paving the way for the design and dimensioning of the next and future generation of high-performance computing systems. Photonic Interconnects for Computing Systems provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art technology and research achievements in employing silicon photonics for interconnection networks and high-performance computing summarizing main opportunities and some challenges. The majority of the chapters were collected from presentations made at the International Workshop on Optical/Photonic Interconnects for Computing Systems (OPTICS) held over the past two years. The workshop invites internationally recognized speakers on the range of topics relevant to silicon photonics and computing systems. Technical topics discussed in the book include:Design and Implementation of Chip-Scale Photonic Interconnects;Developing Design Automation Solutions for Chip-Scale Photonic Interconnects;Design Space Exploration in Chip-Scale Photonic Interconnects;Thermal Analysis and Modeling in Photonic Interconnects;Design for Reliability;Fabrication Non-Uniformity in Photonic Interconnects;Photonic Interconnects for Computing Systems presents a compilation of outstanding contributions from leading research groups in the field. It presents a comprehensive overview of the design advantages challenges and requirements of photonic interconnects for computing systems. The selected contributions present important discussions and approaches related to the design and development of novel photonic interconnect architectures as well as various design solutions to improve the performance of such systems while considering different challenges. The book is ideal for personnel in computer/photonic industries as well as academic staff and master/graduate students in computer science and engineering electronic engineering electrical engineering and photonics. | Photonic Interconnects for Computing Systems Understanding and Pushing Design Challenges

Handbook of Energy Engineering

With new chapters on electrical system optimization and ISO 50001 this edition also covers the latest updates to codes and standards in the energy industry. Also included are chapters on energy economic analysis energy auditing waste heat recovery utility system optimization HVAC cogeneration control systems energy management compressed air system optimization and financing energy projects. Additional topics include emerging technologies such as oxy-fuel combustion high efficiency burners enhanced heat exchangers and ceramic membranes for heat recovery as well as information on how to do an energy analysis of any system; electrical system optimization; state-of-the-art lighting and lighting controls. This reference will guide you step by step in applying the principles of energy engineering and management to the design of electrical HVAC utility process and building systems for both new design and retrofit projects. The text is thoroughly illustrated with tables graphs diagrams and sample problems. | Handbook of Energy Engineering

Understanding Communications Systems Principles—A Tutorial Approach

Wireless communications and sensing systems are nowadays ubiquitous; cell phones and automotive radars typifying two of the most familiar examples. This book introduces the field by addressing its fundamental principles proceeding from its very beginnings up to today's emerging technologies related to the fifth-generation wireless systems (5G) Multi-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) connectivity and Aerospace/Electronic Warfare Radar. The tone is tutorial. Problems are included at the end of each chapter to facilitate the understanding and assimilation of the material to electrical engineering undergraduate/graduate students and beginning and non-specialist professionals. Free temporary access to Keysight's SystemVue system simulation is provided to further enhance reader learning through hands-on tutorial exercises. Chapter 1 introduces wireless communications and sensing and in particular how curiosity-driven scientific research led to the foundation of the field. Chapter 2 presents a brief introduction to the building blocks that make up wireless systems. Chapter 3 focuses on developing an understanding of the performance parameters that characterize a wireless system. Chapter 4 deals with circuit topologies for modulation and detection. In chapter 5 we cover the fundamental transmitter and receiver systems architectures that enable the transmission of information at precise frequencies and their reception from among a rather large multitude of other signals present in space. Chapter 6 introduces 5G its motivation and its development and adoption challenges for providing unprecedented levels of highest speed wireless connectivity. Chapter 7 takes on the topic of MIMO its justification and its various architectures. Chapter 8 addresses the topic of aerospace/electronic warfare radar and finally Chapter 9 presents three Tutorials utilizing the SystemVue simulation tool. | Understanding Communications Systems Principles—A Tutorial Approach

Cyber Resilience

Modern cyber systems acquire more emergent system properties as far as their complexity increases: cyber resilience controllability self-organization proactive cyber security and adaptability. Each of the listed properties is the subject of the cybernetics research and each subsequent feature makes sense only if there is a previous one. Cyber resilience is the most important feature of any cyber system especially during the transition to the sixth technological stage and related Industry 4. 0 technologies: Artificial Intelligence (AI) Cloud and foggy computing 5G + IoT/IIoT Big Data and ETL Q-computing Blockchain VR/AR etc. We should even consider the cyber resilience as a primary one because the mentioned systems cannot exist without it. Indeed without the sustainable formation made of the interconnected components of the critical information infrastructure it does not make sense to discuss the existence of 4. 0 Industry cyber-systems. In case when the cyber security of these systems is mainly focused on the assessment of the incidents' probability and prevention of possible security threats the cyber resilience is mainly aimed at preserving the targeted behavior and cyber systems' performance under the conditions of known (about 45 %) as well as unknown (the remaining 55 %) cyber attacks. This monograph shows that modern Industry 4. 0. Cyber systems do not have the required cyber resilience for targeted performance under heterogeneous mass intruder cyber-attacks. The main reasons include a high cyber system structural and functional complexity a potential danger of existing vulnerabilities and “sleep” hardware and software tabs as well as an inadequate efficiency of modern models methods and tools to ensure cyber security reliability response and recovery.

Low Power Circuit Design Using Advanced CMOS Technology

Low Power Circuit Design Using Advanced CMOS Technology is a summary of lectures from the first Advanced CMOS Technology Summer School (ACTS) 2017. The slides are selected from the handouts while the text was edited according to the lecturers talk. ACTS is a joint activity supported by the IEEE Circuit and System Society (CASS) and the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society (SSCS). The goal of the school is to provide society members as well researchers and engineers from industry the opportunity to learn about new emerging areas from leading experts in the field. ACTS is an example of high-level continuous education for junior engineers teachers in academe and students. ACTS was the results of a successful collaboration between societies the local chapter leaders and industry leaders. This summer school was the brainchild of Dr. Zhihua Wang with strong support from volunteers from both the IEEE SSCS and CASS. In addition the local companies Synopsys China and Beijing IC Park provided support. This first ACTS was held in the summer 2017 in Beijing. The lectures were given by academic researchers and industry experts who presented each 6-hour long lectures on topics covering process technology EDA skill and circuit and layout design skills. The school was hosted and organized by the CASS Beijing Chapter SSCS Beijing Chapter and SSCS Tsinghua Student Chapter. The co-chairs of the first ACTS were Dr. Milin Zhang Dr. Hanjun Jiang and Dr. Liyuan Liu. The first ACTS was a great success as illustrated by the many participants from all over China as well as by the publicity it has been received in various media outlets including Xinhua News one of the most popular news channels in China.

Energy Conservation Guidebook

Efficient energy management and effective conservation procedures have been very important considerations for our society for many years. An oil embargo in the 1970s and early 1980s brought about a new awareness of energy conservation. Because of various factors like loss of tax credits and efficiency standards imposed by the government public interest dropped considerably in regard to energy conservation. A revival in energy conservation among the general public occurred following the Persian Gulf War in the early 1990s. What does the 21st century hold? Conflicts in the Middle East high prices for petroleum and increasing population worldwide will all be significant influences on energy and its conservation. Considerable discussion of climate change global warming and increased concerns in regard to our electricity supply have provided motivation for building energy demand to be more flexible. Energy Management and Conservation Fourth Edition provides a very practical discussion of how energy can be managed and saved in most types of buildings. This edition not only updates the previous edition but adds updated content concerning energy cost reduction/going green to improve the environment. The authors of this book have written several books that use the systems approach. Through the use of the systems approach the reader will be able to grasp how different parts of a building fit together to form a unit that uses energy efficiently. This text provides a thorough and practical discussion of the operation of systems that are found in most types of buildings. Each system is discussed with energy management and conservation in mind/going green to save money and improve the environment. There are many ways to manage a building to accomplish efficient energy conservation. Several of the chapters have checklists at the end to summarize ways of conserving energy that relate to the chapter. Important changes in this edition include coverage of governmental requirements from agencies such as Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) United States Department of Energy (USDOE) and American Society of Refrigerating Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineering (ASHRAE) updated as of 2022 standards. Instrumentation updates include types of sensors and the concept of smart devices such as meters. Addition of computer building maintenance management systems and new updates for renewable energy resources are included. Enhancements to existing systems content (such as variable frequency drives for pumps) have been carefully added. | Energy Conservation Guidebook