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The Use of Force in Criminal Justice

The Use of Force in Criminal Justice

The Use of Force in Criminal Justice addresses the how why and when of utilizing force against citizens in a democracy. This is the first true textbook on this topic offering students and instructors a balanced research-based approach to understanding the use of force in law enforcement as well as in corrections and juvenile justice. Hough includes features to reinforce key concepts including What-Why Try This Going Global and Research Results boxes. The Use of Force in Criminal Justice combines academic and practitioner perspectives making the book well-suited for undergraduate and graduate courses in criminal justice as well as professional training and executive education. The text is accompanied by online resources such as PowerPoints lesson notes and a test bank. The Use of Force in Criminal Justice is an invaluable aid for force trainers risk managers and attorneys who must understand the research on force and force issues rather than the rhetoric of individual anecdotes and personal system-of-force concepts. ​

GBP 42.99
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The Use of Force in UN Peacekeeping

The Use of Force in UN Peacekeeping

This edited volume provides a detailed and nuanced analysis of UN peacekeeping and the use of force to inform a better understanding of the complex and interconnected issues at stake for the UN community. Peacekeeping is traditionally viewed as a largely passive military activity governed by the principles of impartiality consent and the minimum use of force. Today most large UN Peacekeeping Operations are only authorized to use force in defence of their mandates and to protect civilians under imminent threat of physical violence. Recently with the deployment of the Force Intervention Brigade in the DRC the UN has gone beyond peacekeeping and into the realm of peace-enforcement. These developments have brought to the fore questions regarding the use of force in the context of peacekeeping. The key questions addressed in this book examine not only the utility of force but also the dilemmas and constraints inherent to the purposive use of force at a strategic operational and tactical level. Should UN peacekeepers exercise military initiative?Is UN peacekeeping capable of undertaking offensive military operations?If so then under what circumstances should peacekeepers use force?How should force be wielded? And against whom? With chapters written by experts in the field this comprehensive volume will be of great use and interest to postgraduate students academics and experts in international security the UN peacekeeping and diplomacy. | The Use of Force in UN Peacekeeping

GBP 38.99
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International Law and the Use of Force Cases and Materials

International Law and the Use of Force Cases and Materials

This book introduces key issues on the use of force while also providing a detailed analysis of technological developments and recent legal discussions in the field. The author examines areas such as support for rebel groups the concept of humanitarian intervention the Responsibility to Protect and recent conversations around the fight against the Islamic State in a clear and accessible manner through a thorough presentation of relevant cases and materials. This book is essential reading for students studying force and its intersection with international law. | International Law and the Use of Force Cases and Materials

GBP 28.99
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The Political Use of Military Force in US Foreign Policy

The Political Use of Military Force in US Foreign Policy

From the Quasi War with France and the opening of Japan to the numerous interventions of the 1990s these events have been situated at the heart of US foreign policy. There are four different explanations as to why the US throughout its history has used military force just short of war. Some scholars have suggested that nations use military force on behalf of security objectives. Others have maintained that economic self-interest has motivated many military interventions. Recently many researchers have explored the extent to which the US has used force to promote democracy and human rights and still more scholars have argued that presidents use limited force for domestic political purposes. Assessing the utility of each of these explanations throughout US history Meernik employs both historical narrative and statistical techniques to provide a comprehensive account of these important foreign policy events. This engaging highly informative volume is particularly suited to scholars and students in the fields of international relations foreign policy military affairs and history. | The Political Use of Military Force in US Foreign Policy

GBP 38.99
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The Birth of Independent Air Power British Air Policy in the First World War

The Birth of Independent Air Power British Air Policy in the First World War

In forming the Royal Air Force on 1 April 1918 Britain created the world’s first independent air service. Britain entered the First World War with less than 200 ill-assorted flying machines divided between the army and the navy but by the end of the war the RAF mustered almost 300 000 personnel and 22 000 aircraft. Originally published in 1986 more than 65 years after the event the decision to form the RAF remained poorly understood and Malcolm Cooper presented the first detailed modern analysis of its creation shedding new light on the process by which Britain entered the air age. Set against the background of the build-up of air power during the First World War the book explains how deepening political concern at failures in home air defence public demands for retaliatory air action against Germany problems of mobilization and expansion in the aircraft industry and disagreements between the existing army and navy air services combined to create the conditions for an independent air force. The author argues that the pressures of war were insufficient to give real substance to the RAF’s independence and that its failure to escape from its wartime role as an ancillary service was also of crucial significance in the evolution of British air strategy in later years. Based on an extensive study of official documents and private papers and amply illustrated with contemporary photographs this title will prove invaluable in understanding both strategic thinking in the Great War and the early development of a form of warfare which dominated military and naval operations in the twentieth century. | The Birth of Independent Air Power British Air Policy in the First World War

GBP 27.99
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War by Others’ Means Delivering Effective Partner Force Capacity Building

War by Others’ Means Delivering Effective Partner Force Capacity Building

A new era of great power competition places a strategic premium on the efficiency with which states can pursue their aims. There is therefore likely to be an expanded scope for partnered operations. Partner force capacity building has a long history with very mixed results yet there is little historical memory in the institutions tasked with carrying it out. War by Others’ Means uses archival research interviews with practitioners and observation of capacity building to understand why states undertake it how they should select train and equip their partners and how they should manage the generation and withdrawal of trainers. | War by Others’ Means Delivering Effective Partner Force Capacity Building

GBP 31.99
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The Advent of the All-Volunteer Force Protecting Free Society

The Advent of the All-Volunteer Force Protecting Free Society

This book examines the extensive influence of the All-Volunteer Force (AVF) on the past present and future of America demonstrating how the AVF encompasses the most significant issues of military history and defense policy. Throughout the vast majority of its wars during the twentieth century the United States relied on a mixture of volunteers who chose to serve and conscripts provided through the Selective Service System known colloquially as the draft. When the United States emerged as a world superpower in the aftermath of World War II U. S. policymakers also depended on the draft during peacetime. Drawing on primary source documents this book guides readers through the transition from the draft to the AVF and analyzes its history results challenges and implications. Each chapter provides an overview of the issues of the time recounts the ensuing debates and developments around them and examines how they manifested themselves relative to the advent of the AVF and American society during times of peace and war. Combining narrative with documents The Advent of the All-Volunteer Force is a valuable resource for students scholars policymakers and general readers interested in modern American history military history and the dynamic linkages between policy politics and American society. | The Advent of the All-Volunteer Force Protecting Free Society

GBP 34.99
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Cyber Attacks and International Law on the Use of Force The Turn to Information Ethics

Cyber Attacks and International Law on the Use of Force The Turn to Information Ethics

Examining the thematic intersection of law technology and violence this book explores cyber attacks against states and current international law on the use of force. The theory of information ethics is used to critique the law’s conception of violence and to develop an informational approach as an alternative way to think about cyber attacks. Cyber attacks against states constitute a new form of violence in the information age and international law on the use of force is limited in its capacity to regulate them. This book draws on Luciano Floridi’s theory of information ethics to critique the narrow conception of violence embodied in the law and to develop an alternative way to think about cyber attacks violence and the state. The author uses three case studies – the 2007 cyber attacks against Estonia the Stuxnet incident involving Iran that was discovered in 2010 and the cyber attacks used as part of the Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election – to demonstrate that an informational approach offers a means to reimagine the state as an entity and cyber attacks as a form of violence against it. This interdisciplinary approach will appeal to an international audience of scholars in international law international relations security studies cyber security and anyone interested in the issues surrounding emerging technologies. | Cyber Attacks and International Law on the Use of Force The Turn to Information Ethics

GBP 39.99
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Moving Boxes by Air The Economics of International Air Cargo

Moving Boxes by Air The Economics of International Air Cargo

Air cargo is a key element of the global supply chain. It allows outsourcing of manufacturing to other countries and links production in both multinational and smaller enterprises. It has also been the most important driver of certain export industries in countries such as South Africa Kenya and Chile. As a component of the air transport industry air cargo makes the crucial difference between profit and loss on many long-haul routes. This second edition of Moving Boxes by Air offers a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the business and practices of air cargo with chapters dedicated to key issues such as current trends market characteristics regulation airport terminal operations pricing and revenues and environmental impacts. The book illustrates the recent emphasis on mergers at the expense of alliances which have not had the impact that they had on passenger operations. The section on security has been expanded to assess in more depth the threats to aircraft from terrorists particularly in the lower cargo and passenger baggage compartments. Surcharges are examined and the book considers whether all airlines will follow the lead of some to do away with both fuel and security surcharges. The book concludes with a summary of the latest industry forecasts. Fully updated throughout this edition is the definitive guide to air cargo for professionals within both the aviation and freight industries. | Moving Boxes by Air The Economics of International Air Cargo

GBP 31.99
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Moving Beyond Assistance Final Report Of The Iews Task Force On Western Assistance To Transition In The Czech And Slovak Republic Hungary And

Moving Beyond Assistance Final Report Of The Iews Task Force On Western Assistance To Transition In The Czech And Slovak Republic Hungary And

This report provides a thoughtful and broad-ranging analysis of Western assistance to transition in the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic Hungary and Poland. It examines the assistance process and makes policy recommendations for improving the effectiveness of assistance to transition. . | Moving Beyond Assistance Final Report Of The Iews Task Force On Western Assistance To Transition In The Czech And Slovak Republic Hungary And

GBP 39.99
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Air Pollution and Climate Change The Basics

Air Pollution and Climate Change The Basics

This book identifies four key forms of air pollution: indoor urban regional and global. It discusses how these four types of pollution are manifest in today’s society and examines the scientific and policy challenges that stand in the way of progress. Written in a style that balances scientific underpinnings with accessible language Pearson and Derwent examine the sources and historical context of air pollutants before dedicating a chapter to each of the key forms. Armed with these basics they begin to address the challenges faced by improving indoor urban and regional air quality whilst reducing global warming in the years ahead. This leads to a greater understanding of the challenges of global climate change with new proposals for reducing global warming. However the authors conclude that it is only when we have a scenario of reforestation combined with reductions in emissions of all greenhouse gases that real progress will be made in the fight against climate change. Then air pollution will also be consigned to history. With a foreword written by Professor James Lovelock this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change and environmental policy as well as air quality professionals working in this important field. | Air Pollution and Climate Change The Basics

GBP 18.99
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The Commons A Force in the Socio-Ecological Transition to Postcapitalism

The Commons A Force in the Socio-Ecological Transition to Postcapitalism

This book provides a lucid rigorous and critical account of the commons its history and its political potentialities as well as its limitations and ambiguities. In particular The Commons analyses the relations of solidarity and conflict between the commons and public welfare policies as well as the role the commons can play in the struggle against the global socioecological crisis that is threatening the very future of humanity. Over the past decade various theories concepts and political projects connected to the commons have become fundamentally important for social science and numerous social movements around the world. In sociology economics political science history geography the law and anthropology the study of the commons has inspired many important academic innovations. In parallel community activists labour unions ecologists feminists and cooperativists have discovered in the commons a powerful and thought-provoking toolkit with which to defend public services guarantee access to cultural goods organise reproductive and care work and more generally fight against commodification and ecological destruction. The first two chapters analyse the dual origin of the academic rediscovery of the commons. On one side from the realm of political science and economics the concept of the commons has been used to challenge the dominant paradigms founded on rational choice theory. On the other from the fields of history law and anthropology analysis of the violent destruction of the commons has served to deepen our understanding of the coercive and antidemocratic processes that form the bedrock of capitalism and our current plight. The third and fourth chapters examine the role that the commons can play in emancipatory political projects aiming to deepen democracy in mass industrial societies. The Commons will appeal to scholars across the social sciences and academics with interests in social and political theory the environment and sustainability and political sociology. | The Commons A Force in the Socio-Ecological Transition to Postcapitalism

GBP 35.99
1

The Development of British Naval Aviation 1914–1918

The Development of British Naval Aviation 1914–1918

The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) revolutionized warfare at sea on land and in the air. This little-known naval aviation organization introduced and operationalized aircraft carrier strike aerial anti-submarine warfare strategic bombing and the air defence of the British Isles more than 20 years before the outbreak of the Second World War. Traditionally marginalized in a literature dominated by the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Air Force the RNAS and its innovative practitioners nevertheless shaped the fundamentals of air power and contributed significantly to the Allied victory in the First World War. The Development of British Naval Aviation utilizes archival documents and newly published research to resurrect the legacy of the RNAS and demonstrate its central role in Britain’s war effort. | The Development of British Naval Aviation 1914–1918

GBP 36.99
1

Pollution in the Air Problems Policies and Priorities

Pollution in the Air Problems Policies and Priorities

Originally published in 1973 this book has enduring relevance in the 21st Century. Asking difficult questions it encourages the reader to think about the individual and societal changes which are needed to protect the planet and the health and prosperity of future generations. Despite the title of the book it covers air water and land pollution evolution the industrial revolution the growth of technology climatology and meteorology pollution legislation and the economics of a green economy. | Pollution in the Air Problems Policies and Priorities

GBP 29.99
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The Regulation of Air Transport From Protection to Liberalisation and Back Again

The Regulation of Air Transport From Protection to Liberalisation and Back Again

The regulation of modern civil aviation can be traced back to the later years of the Second World War. An intense debate about the future regulatory regime resulted in a compromise which to this day essentially dictates the structure of the global airline industry. Further progress towards ‘normalising’ the industry appears to be slowing down and perhaps even going into reverse. Without an understanding of the development of regulation it is not possible to understand fully the industry’s current problems and how they might be resolved. Many books have been written about the development of international air transport covering deregulation privatisation the emergence of new business models among other things but few if any have taken a broad view of the trends which have determined the industry’s current structure. The Regulation of Air Transport charts the development of aviation from the end of the Second World War to the present day following the key trends and disruptive forces. It provides an overview of what has determined the industry’s current structure the problems still facing the industry and the ways in which it could develop in the future. This wide-ranging study is important reading for both professionals and academics within the aviation field as well as anyone interested in the broader development of economic regulation. | The Regulation of Air Transport From Protection to Liberalisation and Back Again

GBP 39.99
1

Regulating Private Military Companies Conflicts of Law History and Governance

Regulating Private Military Companies Conflicts of Law History and Governance

This work examines the ability of existing and evolving PMC regulation to adequately control private force and it challenges the capacity of international law to deliver accountability in the event of private military company (PMC) misconduct. From medieval to early modern history private soldiers dominated the military realm and were fundamental to the waging of wars until the rise of a national citizen army. Today PMCs are again a significant force performing various security logistics and strategy functions across the world. Unlike mercenaries or any other form of irregular force PMCs acquired a corporate legal personality a legitimising status that alters the governance model of today. Drawing on historical examples of different forms of governance the relationship between neoliberal states and private military companies is conceptualised here as a form of a ‘shared governance'. It reflects states’ reliance on PMCs relinquishing a degree of their power and transferring certain functions to the private sector. As non-state actors grow in authority wielding power and making claims to legitimacy through self-regulation other sources of law also become imaginable and relevant to enact regulation and invoke responsibility. | Regulating Private Military Companies Conflicts of Law History and Governance

GBP 35.99
1

Religion in Rebellions Revolutions and Social Movements

Religion in Rebellions Revolutions and Social Movements

Religion in Rebellions Revolutions and Social Movements demonstrates that while religion is often a social force that maintains if not legitimates the sociopolitical order it is also a decisive factor in economic social and political conflict. The book explores how and under what conditions religion functions as a progressive and/or reactionary force that compels people to challenge or protect social orders. The authors focus on the role that religion has played in peasant slave and plebeian rebellions; revolutions including the Chinese English French Russian and Iranian; and modern social movements. In addition to these case studies the book also contains theoretical chapters that explore the relationship religious thought has with the politics of liberation and oppression. It examines the institutional organizational ritualistic discursive ideological and/or framing mechanisms that give religion its oppressive and liberating structures. Many scholars of religion continue very conventional modes of thinking ignoring how religion has been—and continues to be—both a hegemonic and counterhegemonic force in conflict. This book looks at both sides of the equation. This international and interdisciplinary volume will be of interest to students and scholars in the fields of politics of religion sociology of religion religious studies gender studies and history.

GBP 38.99
1

Understanding the UN Security Council Coercion or Consent?

Understanding the UN Security Council Coercion or Consent?

This impressive work sheds light on the recent history of the UN Security Council (UNSC) examining how the penchant for UN-backed humanitarian intervention in the 1990s has given way to an impotent UNSC unable to play a meaningful role in the war in Iraq. It examines the precepts that govern UNSC politics including the sanctity of sovereign states the norm of non-intervention and state interests. Designed for readers who are interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the workings of the UNSC the attitudes of its members towards the use of force and sovereignty as well as understanding its limitations in international politics this volume: · evaluates key issues such as the principle of consent the use of force intervention and sovereignty · provides a rich array of case studies to understand the challenges of consent-based peacekeeping · presents strong analytical consistency drawing on a wide variety of sources | Understanding the UN Security Council Coercion or Consent?

GBP 29.99
1

Legitimacy and Drones Investigating the Legality Morality and Efficacy of UCAVs

Legitimacy and Drones Investigating the Legality Morality and Efficacy of UCAVs

Unmanned combat air vehicles or in common parlance 'drones' have become a prominent instrument in US efforts to counter an objective (and subjective) cross-border terrorist threat with lethal force. As a result critical questions abound on the legitimacy of their use. In a series of multidisciplinary essays by scholars with an extensive knowledge of international norms this book explores the question of legitimacy through the conceptual lenses of legality morality and efficacy it then closes with the consideration of a policy proposal aimed at incorporating all three indispensable elements. The importance of this inquiry cannot be overstated. Non-state actors fully understand that attacking the much more powerful state requires moving the conflict away from the traditional battlefield where they are at an enormous disadvantage. Those engaging in terrorism seek to goad the ruling government into an overreaction or abuse of power to trigger a destabilization via an erosion of its legitimacy. Thus defending the target of legitimacy”in this case insuring the use of deadly force is constrained by valid limiting principles”represents an essential strategic interest. This book seeks to come to grips with the new reality of drone warfare by exploring if it can be used to preserve rather than eat away at legitimacy. After an extensive analysis of the three key parameters in twelve chapters the practical proposition of establishing a 'Drone Court' is put forward and examined as a way of pursuing the goal of integrating these essential components to defend the citizenry and the legitimacy of the government at the same time. | Legitimacy and Drones Investigating the Legality Morality and Efficacy of UCAVs

GBP 35.99
1

The Gaullist Phenomenon The Gaullist Movement in the Fifth Republic

The Gaullist Phenomenon The Gaullist Movement in the Fifth Republic

Books on gaullism – or more precisely books on General de Gaulle – are not uncommon. Originally published in English in 1971 this claimed to be the first book of this sort on gaullism as a political force within the French political system. Since the publication of his work on the Union pour la nouvelle République Jean Charlot had become known as one of the few objective experts on gaullism. His knowledge of the British political system had helped him to appreciate the nature of the gaullist party which he saw from the first not as a transient party linked to the political career of General de Gaulle but as a major modern right-wing party comparable to the Conservative Party in Britain. In this book he demonstrates how the gaullist movement is a ‘voter-oriented’ party the first that France had really ever known. The strength of gaullism lies in the electorate which had fully accepted gaullist economic policies the institutional changes introduced under the Republic and the party’s foreign policy. This voter-oriented party had fundamentally changed the French party system. A majority party since 1962 the gaullist movement would force the left to regroup within a left-wing voter-oriented party if it did not want to face political sterility. Jean Charlot was one of the few specialists to publish an article just after the referendum (Le Monde May 2 1969) forecasting that the departure of General de Gaulle did not foreshadow the end of gaullism as a major political force. | The Gaullist Phenomenon The Gaullist Movement in the Fifth Republic

GBP 27.99
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